A World on Fire: Britain's Crucial Role in the American Civil War (5 page)

Jefferson Davis
(1808–89)
CONFEDERATE
—President of the Confederate States, 1861–65.

John Adams Dix
(1798–1879)
UNION
—Military governor of New York.

Edward Everett
(1794–1865)—U.S. secretary of state, 1852–53; U.S. senator from Massachusetts, 1853–54; celebrated educator and orator, famous for his two-hour speech before Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address.

Abraham Lincoln
(1809–65)
UNION
—First Republican president of the United States, 1861–65.

Stephen Russell Mallory
(1813–73)
CONFEDERATE
—Confederate secretary of the navy, 1861–65.

James Alexander Seddon
(1815–80)
CONFEDERATE
—Confederate secretary of war, 1862–65.

Frederick William Seward
(1830–1915)
UNION
—U.S. assistant secretary of state, 1861–69 and 1877–79; son of William H. Seward.

William Henry Seward
(1801–72)
UNION
—U.S. secretary of state, 1861–69.

Edwin Stanton
(1814–69)
UNION
—U.S. secretary of war, 1862–65.

Charles Sumner
(1811–74)
UNION
—U.S. senator from Massachusetts, 1851–74.

Robert Augustus Toombs
(1810–85)
CONFEDERATE
—Confederate secretary of state, February–July 1861.

George Alfred Trenholm
(1807–76)
CONFEDERATE
—Confederate secretary of the treasury 1864–65; founder of Fraser, Trenholm and Co.

Clement Laird Vallandigham
(1820–71)
UNION
—U.S. House of Representatives, 3rd District Ohio, 1858–63; head of the Copperhead antiwar movement.

LeRoy Pope Walker
(1817–84)
CONFEDERATE
—Confederate secretary of war, February–September 1861.

Gideon Welles
(1802–78)
UNION
—U.S. secretary of the navy, 1861–69.

Pro-Northern Supporters

Edwin Thomas Booth
(1833–93)—Actor; brother of John Wilkes Booth.

Frederick Douglass
(1818–95)—Former slave; social reformer and abolition campaigner.

Horace Greeley
(1811–72)—Editor of the
New York Herald.

Sarah Parker Remond
(1826–94)—Campaigner for abolition.

George Templeton Strong
(1820–75)—Lawyer, co-founder, and treasurer of the U.S. Sanitary Commission.

Pro-Southern Supporters

Belle Boyd
(1844–1900)—Confederate spy.

Mary Boykin Chesnut
(1823–86)—South Carolinian diarist.

William Wilkins Glenn
(1824–76)—Maryland journalist; conduit for British travelers entering the South.

John B. Jones
(1810–66)—Virginian diarist; clerk in the War Department, Richmond, Virginia.

Charles Kuhn Prioleau
(1827–87)—Head of Fraser, Trenholm and Co., Liverpool, England.

John R. Thompson
(1828–73)—Poet, editor of the
Southern Literary Messenger,
1847–59; contributor to the
Index.

At Sea

David Glasgow Farragut
(1801–70)
UNION
—Admiral on USS
Hartford,
1862–66.

John Newland Maffitt
(1819–86)
CONFEDERATE
—Captain of CSS
Florida.

Matthew Fontaine Maury
(1806–73)
CONFEDERATE
—Oceanographer; Confederate purchasing agent in Britain.

William Lewis Maury
(1813–78)
CONFEDERATE
—Commander of CSS
Georgia.

James Morris Morgan
(1845–1928)
CONFEDERATE
—Lieutenant on CSS
Georgia.

David Dixon Porter
(1813–91)
UNION
—Commander of USS
Powhatan;
rear admiral of the Mississippi River Squadron.

Raphael Semmes
(1809–77)
CONFEDERATE
—Commander of CSS
Sumter,
1861–62; Captain of CSS
Alabama,
1862–64.

Charles Wilkes
(1798–1877)
UNION
—Captain of USS
San Jacinto;
instigator of the
Trent
affair.

John Ancrum Winslow
(1811–73)
UNION
—Captain of USS
Kearsarge;
sank CSS
Alabama.

B
RITISH

Diplomats

Sir Edward Mortimer Archibald
(1810–94)—British consul at New York, 1857–71.

Robert Bunch
—British consul at Charleston, South Carolina, 1853–64.

Joseph Hume Burnley
—Secretary of the British legation, Washington.

Richard Bickerton Pemell Lyons, 2nd Lord Lyons
(1817–87)—Minister at the British legation, Washington,1859–65.

Edward Baldwin Malet
(1837–1908)—Attaché at the British legation, Washington, 1862–64.

Charles Stanley Monck, 4th Viscount Monck
(1819–94)—Governor-general of Canada, 1867–69.

William Mure
(1813–64)—British consul at New Orleans, Louisiana, 1843–57.

Francis Napier, 10th Lord Napier
(1819–98)—Minister at the British legation, Washington, 1857–59.

Arthur H. Seymour
—Third secretary of the British legation, Washington.

George Sheffield
—Attaché at the British legation, Washington, 1859–64.

William Stuart
(1824–96)—Secretary of the British legation, Washington, 1861–64.

Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley
(1804–84)—British ambassador to France, 1852–67.

Journalists

John Chandler Bancroft Davis
(1822–1907)—Pro-Northern correspondent,
The Times,
1861.

Samuel Phillips Day
—Pro-Southern correspondent,
Morning Herald,
1861.

John Thadeus Delane
(1817–79)—Editor of
The Times,
1841–77.

Edward James Stephen Dicey
(1832–1911)—Pro-Northern contributor,
Spectator.

The Hon. Francis Charles Lawley
(1825–1901)—Pro-Southern contributor,
The Times.

Charles Mackay
(1814–89)—Pro-Southern New York correspondent,
The Times,
1862–65.

Harriet Martineau
(1802–76)—Writer, social theorist, and contributor to the
Edinburgh Review
and the
Daily News,
1852–68.

Mowbray Morris
(1819–74)—Managing editor of
The Times.

William Howard Russell
(1820–1907)—Celebrated war reporter for
The Times.

George Augustus Henry Sala
(1828–95)—Novelist and pro-Southern contributor,
Daily Telegraph;
ghost writer for several pro-Southern memoirs.

Tom Taylor
(1817–80)—Journalist and contributor to
Punch,
playwright, author of
Our American Cousin,
1858.

Frank Vizetelly
(1830–83)—War artist and correspondent,
Illustrated London News.

Observers

Thomas Conolly
(1823–76)—Member of Parliament for the County of Donegal.

Griffith Evans
(1835–1935)—Veterinarian officer, Royal Artillery, British Army.

Arthur James Lyon Fremantle
(1835–1901)—Lieutenant colonel, British Army; member of Her Majesty’s Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards; observer of the Battle of Gettysburg and the New York draft riots, April–July 1863.

Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, Marquess of Hartington
(1833–1908)—Civil Lord of the Admiralty, 1863; British undersecretary for war, 1863–66.

George Alfred Lawrence
(1827–76)—British lawyer and novelist; author of
Guy Livingstone,
1857.

Edward Fitzgerald Turton Ross
(1835–?)—Captain, Austrian Hussars; Confederate propagandist and observer, 1863–64.

Lord Edward Percy St. Maur
(1841–65)—Captain, volunteer cavalry, British Army; diplomat.

Edward Lyulph Stanley, 4th Baron Sheffield, 4th Baron Stanley of Alderly, and 3rd Baron Eddisbury
(1839–1925)—British peer and member of Parliament for Oldham, 1880–85.

Leslie Stephen
(1832–1904)—Author, literary critic, and editor of the
Dictionary of National Biography,
1885–91.

Henry Yates Thompson
(1838–1928)—Owner of the
Pall Mall Gazette,
1878–92; observer of General Grant’s victory at Chattanooga, 1863.

Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley
(1833–1913)—Field marshal, British Army; special service officer sent to Canada following the
Trent
affair, 1861; Pro-Southern observer, 1862–65.

Politicians

George John Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll
(1823–1900)
LIBERAL
—Lord Privy Seal, 1853–55, 1859–66, and 1880–81; postmaster general, 1855–58.

John Bright
(1811–89)
LIBERAL
—Manufacturer; member of Parliament, and co-founder, with Richard Cobden, MP, of the Anti–Corn Law League, 1836.

George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon
(1800–70)
LIBERAL
—Secretary of state for foreign affairs, 1853–58, 1865–66, and 1868–70.

Richard Cobden
(1804–65)
LIBERAL
—Businessman, member of Parliament, and co-founder, with John Bright, of the Anti-Corn Law League, 1836; he and John Bright were known derisively in the House of Commons as “members for the United States.”

Edward Smith Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
(1799–1869)
CONSERVATIVE
—Prime minister, February–December 1852, 1858–59, and 1866–68.

Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield
(1804–81)
CONSERVATIVE
—Leader of the opposition in the House of Commons, 1851–52, 1852–58, 1859–66; chancellor of the exchequer, 1852, 1858–59, 1866–68; prime minister, 1868, 1874–80.

William Edward Forster
(1818–86)
LIBERAL
—Industrialist; member of Parliament for Bradford, Yorkshire, 1861–85.

William Ewart Gladstone
(1809–98)
LIBERAL
—chancellor of the exchequer, 1852–55, 1859–66; prime minister, 1868–74, 1880–85.

William Henry Gregory
(1817–92)
CONSERVATIVE
—Pro-Southern member of Parliament for Dublin City, 1842–47, and County Galway, 1857–72.

Edmund Hammond, 1st and last Baron Hammond of Kirkella
(1802–90)
LIBERAL
—Permanent undersecretary of Foreign Affairs, 1854–73.

John Laird
(1805–74)
CONSERVATIVE
—Pro-Southern member of Parliament for Birkenhead, 1861–74; founder of John Laird, Sons and Co.

Sir Austen Henry Layard
(1817–94)
LIBERAL
—Undersecretary of state for Foreign Affairs, January–February 1852, 1861–66.

Sir George Cornewall Lewis, 2nd Baronet
(1806–63)
LIBERAL
—Chancellor of the exchequer, 1855–58; home secretary, 1859–61; secretary of state for war, 1861–63.

William Schaw Lindsay
(1816–77)
LIBERAL
—Pro-Southern Scottish shipping magnate; founder and owner of W. S. Lindsay and Co., 1849–64; member of Parliament for Tynemouth and North Shields, 1854–59; member of Parliament for Sunderland, 1859–65.

Richard Monckton Milnes, 1st Baron Houghton
(1809–85)
CONSERVATIVE
—Poet; member of Parliament for Pontefract, 1837–63; pro-Northern.

Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle
(1811–64)
LIBERAL
—Secretary of state for war and the colonies, 1852–54; secretary of state for war, 1854–55; secretary of state for the colonies, 1859–64.