Destination Mars (34 page)

Deep Space A and B (impactors),
153

Deep Space Network (DSN),
61
,
69
–
70
,
231

See also
photo section

Deimos (terror) (name of one of Mars's moons),
38
,
43
,
77
,
184

See also
photo section

de-Lowellization of beliefs about Mars,
102
–
103

Delta rocket,
108
,
109
,
152
,
158
,
302n1

descent imagers.
See
DISR (the Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer); Mars Descent Imager

Devon Island (in Arctic, site of FMARS),
271
,
272
,
274

dirt on Mars.
See
soil on Mars

Discovery Channel (TV network),
272

Discovery Program,
123
–
32

DISR (the Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer),
244

distance

between Mars and Earth,
27
,
39
,
52
–
53
,
144
,
158
–
59

of Mars from the sun,
46

Dr. Carl Sagan Memorial Station,
124

Dodo (trench dug by Phoenix),
237

Dragon
^®
capsule,
292
,
294

drainage wind (aka katabatic or gravity-fed),
276
,
312n2

driver's education classes for rover drivers.
See
Field Integrated Design and Operations

DSN.
See
Deep Space Network

Duck Bay (in Victoria Crater, found by Opportunity),
221

dust on Mars

dust clouds,
75
,
75
–
76
,
80
,
206
–
207

dust storms,
75
,
75
–
76
,
78
,
80
,
85
,
91
,
210
,
221
–
22
.
See
photo section
; weather on Mars

DVD containing four million names,
174
–
75

Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons device (DAN),
256

Eagle Crater (actual landing site for Opportunity),
181
–
82
,
185
,
186
,
192
,
223
,
226

Earth

life beginning on Mars and coming to Earth,
35
–
36
,
299n5

and Martian meteorites,
131

as a “terrestrial” planet,
298n3

using places on Earth to mimic Mars,
271
–
79
,
281
–
88
.
See also names of specific places, i.e., Antarctica, Atacama Desert, etc.

See also
communications

earth organisms, danger of on Mars.
See
planetary quarantine of Mars

earthquakes.
See
“Marsquakes”

El Capitan (area near Opportunity Ledge),
182

Electra (radio on MRO),
198

elevations of Martian topography,
111

Elysium Mons (volcano),
31
,
145
–
46

Endeavor Crater (targeted by Opportunity),
193
,
225
,
226
,
228

See also
photo section

Endurance Crater (searched by Opportunity),
186
–
87
,
214
–
15
,
217
,
223
,
226

engineering experiment as description of Mariner 6 and 7,
63
,
68

HMS
Erebus
(British exploration vessel),
309n1
(
chap. 24
)

Erebus Crater (Opportunity examined),
219
,
309n1
(
chap. 24
)

European Space Agency,
200
,
267
,
297n1

and the ExoMars probe,
146
,
268
,
306n4
,
311n1
(
chap. 29
)

and the Mars Express mission,
143
–
46

potential missions 2021–2030,
294

EVAs (Extra Vehicular Activities),
272

ExoMars probe,
146
,
268
,
306n4
,
311n1
(
chap. 29
)

Explorer program,
57
,
267

explosions, use of,
23

extraterrestrial life.
See
life on Mars

Extra Vehicular Activities.
See
EVAs

face in the Cydonia area,
112
,
303n3

Failure Review Board,
153

Feynman, Richard,
58

Field Integrated Design and Operations (FIDO),
176
–
78

“fire star” (Chinese name for Mars),
38

Flammarion, Camille,
41
–
43
,
45

Flashline Research Station (FMARS), simulating Mars missions on Earth,
271
–
73
,
285

Florida State University,
283

FMARS.
See
Flashline Research Station

footpad,
22
,
23

Fourier Spectrometer,
144

Friedmann, Imre,
283

frost heave,
203

fuel for Mars missions,
18
,
21
,
169
,
212

need for extra fuel for braking into orbit,
74

use of aerobraking to save fuel,
109
,
159
,
199

for RTGs,
121
,
310
–
11n1

running out of fuel,
56
,
96

galactic cosmic rays,
164

Gale Crater (MSL landing site),
212
,
257

See also
photo section

Galileo program,
134

gamma-ray spectrometer,
158
,
162
,
247

Ganges Chasm,
161
–
62

Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer experiment (Viking landers),
88
,
91
–
92
,
95
,
100

Gas-Exchange experiment (Viking landers),
88
,
95

geography of Mars,
30
–
36

elevations of Martian topography measured,
111

See also
craters on Mars; oceans on Mars; polar caps of Mars; volcanic activity on Mars

geology on Mars,
29
,
31
,
54
–
55
,
90
,
104
,
110
,
127
,
128
,
162
,
204
,
264
–
65

diversity of geology found,
262

Gusev as a geologic transition zone,
173

geologically active planet,
182
–
83
,
217
,
311n1
(
chap. 29
)

subsurface geology,
174
,
219

molten core,
29
,
111
,
120
.
See also
magnetic field on Mars

three geologic eras,
32
–
33
,
145

See also
rocks on Mars; volcanic activity on Mars; water on Mars

glaciers,
205

Glenn, John,
9
–
10

goethite,
216

Goldilocks (trench dug by Phoenix),
237

“Goldilocks Zone” (aka “habitable zone”),
28
,
298n1

Goldin, Daniel,
137
,
245
–
46

gravity of Mars,
28
,
29
,
77
,
198

Great Galactic Ghoul and mission failures,
147
–
55
,
157
,
159
,
202

JPL regaining public trust with Mars Odyssey mission,
162

timeline of mission failures,
148
–
50

Green Valley (Phoenix landing site),
234

Gulliver (used on Viking),
103

Gusev (crater, Spirit landing site),
173
,
183
,
216

Half Dome (rock Sojourner got stuck on),
130

Hall, Asaph,
41
,
43

Halley's Comet,
218

Hank's Hollow (Spirit examined),
213

Hartley 2 (comet),
267

Haughton Impact crater (Devon Island),
273
,
274

HD.
See
high definition, Mars seen in

heat shield,
18
,
124
,
253
,
254
and John Glenn,
9
–
10

rovers finding their own on Mars,
183
,
217
,
218

Heat Shield Rock (examined by Opportunity),
217

Hecates Tholus (volcano),
31

Hellas Planitia (basin),
32

hematite (iron oxide),
38
,
39
,
215
,
302
–
303n2

“blueberries” (hematite spherules),
182
–
83
,
185
–
86
,
213
,
222
–
23
,
262
.
See also
photo section

relationship to water,
111
,
181
,
183
,
213
,
216
,
262
,
302
–
303n2

HEND.
See
High Energy Neutron Detector

Herschel, William,
40

Hesperian Period,
33

high definition, Mars seen in,
195
–
207
,
255

High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND),
158

High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HIRISE),
196
,
197
,
204
–
207

Hobby, George,
101

Home Plate (examined by Spirit),
219

Horowitz, Norman,
99
–
105

Horus (Egyptian God).
See
photo section

Horus Am Akhet (Horus on the horizon), then Horus Her Deshur (Horus the red) (Egyptian name for Mars),
37
–
38

Hubbard, Jerry,
101

Hubble Space Telescope.
See
photo section

Humphrey (one of Spirit's rocks),
182

Huntress, Wesley,
135

Husband Hill (climbed by Spirit),
217
,
219

Huygens, Christian,
40
,
40

Huygens probe (of Titan, Saturn's moon),
243
–
44

hydrated materials.
See
water on Mars

hydrazine,
21

hydrogen on Mars,
158
,
160
,
167
,
256

IBM,
232

ice.
See
permafrost; water on Mars, water ice

IMP (camera used by Pathfinder mission),
245

infrared imaging on Mars,
62
,
64
,
101
,
111
,
144
,
162
,
175
,
176
,
196
,
262

See also
Mars Climate Sounder; Thermal Emission Imaging System; Thermal Emission Spectrometer

“intelligent Martian” club,
41
–
49
,
54

and face in the Cydonia area,
112
,
303n3

International Space Station,
164
,
293

iPhone
^®
,
198
,
311
–
12n2

iron on Mars,
38
,
173
,
217
,
262

iron oxide.
See
hematite

lack of an iron-rich core,
111

oxidized iron,
29
,
39

James Webb Space Telescope,
267

jarosite,
183
,
216

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL),
17
,
23
,
24
,
297n2
,
304
–
305n1

ability to extend missions,
113

Bruce Murray as director of,
68

cooperative efforts of,
267
–
70
,
309
–
10n1
.
See also
Phoenix lander

Deep Space Network,
61
,
69
–
70

future of,
267
–
70

impact of government frugality on,
108

internal review on software error ending MGS mission,
303
–
304n4

“JPL'ers.”
See
Brooks, Robert (Bob); Crisp, Joy; Horowitz, Norman; Leighton, Robert; Manning, Robert (Rob); Murray, Bruce; Plaut, Jeffrey; Smith, Peter; Soderblom, Laurence; Squyres, Steve; Zurek, Richard

measuring atmospheric effect on radio waves,
53

mission failures,
147
–
55
,
157
,
159
,
202
.
See also
Great Galactic Ghoul and mission failures

regaining public trust,
162

timeline of mission failures,
148
–
50

publishing the
Universe
(JPL newspaper),
133

See also
longevity of Mars missions; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; unmanned explorations sent to Mars