Interventions (49 page)

INDEX

The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.

Abacha, Sani, 160, 161, 162, 183

Abbas, Mahmoud, 285–86, 289, 291, 294

Abdullah, Crown Prince, 276

Abiola, Moshood, 160–61, 162–66

Abubakar, Abdulsalam, 161–67

Abu Ghraib, 365, 366

accountability, and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 245

Afghanistan, 335–44

Bonn process and, 339–42

Taliban defeated in, 335, 336–37

UN role in forming new government in, 337–44

Africa, 159–208.
See also
specific countries

Africa Report, 178–79

agriculture and, 206–7

Annan address to African heads of state, 174–75, 181–82

Big Man system versus rule of law, 167–84

colonialism and, 171–72, 175–79, 212–13

coups d'état in, 21–22, 26, 164, 170, 173, 175, 176, 182–84

democratic elections in, 173–74

HIV/AIDS and, 210–11

Kenyan political crisis, 184–205

lack of institutions in, 170–71

leadership and, 170–71, 175–79

military regimes and, 174–77

Nigerian transition to democracy, 159–66

obstacles to growth and prosperity in, 206–7

revolutionary movements and, 171–72

traditional dispute resolution in, 172–73

ubuntu
philosophy, 173

African Growth and Opportunity Act, 177

African Union (AU), 151–52, 182–83

Africa Report, 178–79

Agenda for Peace, An,
35

Agreement on the Principles of Partnership of the Coalition Government, 201

agriculture

Africa and, 206–7

development and, 370

subsidies protecting, 248

Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 305

Ahtisaari, Martti, 98–99, 100, 280, 281, 356

Aidid, Mohamed Farrah, 29–30, 39, 40, 42, 44, 50, 53

Akram, Munir, 146–47

Alatas, Ali, 103

Albanians, 11, 87

Albright, Madeleine, 43, 55, 137, 138, 262, 361–62

Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations and, 267, 268, 271

Kosovo and, 94, 98, 99

sanctions and inspections of Iraq and, 322–26, 331, 333

Ali Mahdi Mohamed, 39

Allawi, Ayad, 358

Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), 370

al Qaeda, 234, 315–16, 335, 342–43, 365

Amin, Idi, 91, 183

Andjaba, Martin, 110

Angola, 34, 213

Annan, Ama, 27

Annan, Effua, 15, 16

Annan, Essie, 15

Annan, Ewura, 16

Annan, Henry Reginald, 15–16, 19, 20–21, 24–25

Annan, Kobina, 15

Annan, Kofi.
See also
Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO)

address to African heads of state by, 174–75, 181–82

Africa Report, 178–79

approval of NATO actions in Serbia, 11–12

Butler, appointment of, 322–23

childhood of, 15–17

Darfur and, 121–29

development agenda of UN and (
See
development agenda of UN)

duty of care, intervention as, 114–19

early career of, 25–27

East Timor and, 102–14

at Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), 212–13

education of, 22–25

election as secretary-general, 137–38

on future of Middle East, 310–13

Ghanaian independence and, 17–22

Hamas and, 290–94

Harriri and, 295, 298–99

HIV/AIDS campaign and, 236–44

human rights, sanctity and universality of, 83–86

on illegality of Iraq War, 357–58, 364

“In Larger Freedom” report, 118, 157

Israeli-Palestinian conflict and, 253–54, 256–60, 268–71, 308–10

Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon (2000) and, 262–66

Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon (2006) and, 303–8

Jenin and, 279–80

Kenyan mediation and, 184, 189–202

Kosovo intervention and, 87–91

on leadership, in Africa, 170–71, 175–79

Lebanon War of 2006 and, 4–8, 9–10, 302–8

on military regimes, 174–77

Nobel Peace Prize (2001) and, 136–37, 140, 335

Oil-for-Food Programme and, 141, 321, 358–63

Powell on WMD and, 1–2

Quartet, formation of, 273–75

reform of UN (
See
reform, UN)

release of Nigerian political prisoners and, 159–66

Responsibility to Protect doctrine and, 116–19, 132–33, 145, 147

role of Security Council in authorizing force, statement on, 95–97

rule of law, restoring (
See
rule of law)

Rwanda address of, 73–75

sanctions and inspections of Iraq and, 323–34

Syrian withdrawal from Lebanon and, 300–2

Taliban and, 8–9

tough love approach in engaging African problems, 179–81

vision for UN in twenty-first century of, 12–13

We the Peoples
report and, 222–26

Annan, Kojo, 27, 360

Annan, Nana, 15

Annan, Nane, 73, 100, 136, 187, 211, 258, 315, 335

Annan, Rose, 16

Annan, Titi Alakija, 27

anti-Semitism, 259

Arab Awakening, 296, 310–13, 367–70

Arab-Israeli War of 1973, 30–31

Arab Peace Initiative, 275–76, 279

Arafat, Yasser, 251, 252, 254–55, 261, 266–72, 275–76, 279, 285–86

Arusha Accords, 49, 50, 51

Ashanti, 19, 20–21

Assad, Hafez al-, 254–55, 261–62, 296–97, 300–1, 305, 312

Australia, 106–8, 112

“automaticity” of military force, and resolution 1441, 347–49

Aziz, Tariq, 326, 327, 331, 332, 344

Babangida, Ibrahim, 161

Bakassi Peninsula, 115

Bamiyan Buddhas, 8

Bangladesh, 52, 91, 236

Ban Ki-moon, 190, 368

Barak, Ehud, 6, 254–55, 260, 261–72

at Camp David, 254–55, 261–62, 266–67

Lebanon withdrawal and, 261–66

second intifada and, 261–72

Baril, Maurice, 55, 66

Barre, Siad, 39

Bashir, Omar al-, 121–23, 126, 127–28, 151, 155, 183, 207–8, 329

Beilin, Yossi, 266

Belgium, 48, 49, 52, 56–57

Belo, Carlos Ximenes, 102

Ben-Ami, Shlomo, 268

Ben-Eliezer, Benjamin, 280

Ben-Gurion, David, 259

Berger, Sandy, 270, 271, 331–32, 334

Bernadotte, Folke, 255

Big Man system, 167–84

true leadership distinguished, 170–71

in Zimbabwe, 167–69

Bildt, Carl, 98, 99

Bill Gates Foundation, 240

bin Laden, Osama, 9, 335

Blair, Tony, 3–4, 5, 234, 271, 273, 303, 342, 355, 361–62, 364

invasion of Iraq and, 346, 352, 353

Sierra Leone and, 117

Blix, Hans, 321–22, 344–45, 353

Blue Line, 263, 264–65, 302, 307

Bolton, John, 146, 147, 234, 300, 304

Bonn Agreement, 340

Bonn conference, 339–42

Booh-Booh, Jacques-Roger, 53, 56

Bosnia, 10, 32, 60–73, 85–86, 214

capture of UN personnel, 69

creation of Rapid Reaction Force (RRF), 71

ethnic cleansing in, 61–62, 65, 68–69, 86

fall of Srebrenica and Zepa safe areas, 70

independence of, 61

NATO air attacks on Bosnian forces, 72

original UN purpose in, 64–65

peace negotiations and Dayton Accords, 72–73

political dynamics limiting UN ability to act in, 67–69

rape camps in, 63

rejection of war fighting role for UN in, 63–64

safe areas in, 65–67

Sarajevo mortar attack, 72

UNPROFOR and, 60, 62, 63, 67, 69–72

Botswana, 243

Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 57, 319, 321

Agenda for Peace, An,
35

Bosnia and, 62

management style of, 38

Somalia and, 41, 42, 43, 44–45

tension between U.S. and, 137–38

Brahimi, Lakhdar, 75–76, 327, 356–57

Afghanistan and, 335–41

Iraqi inspections negotiations and, 323

Taif Agreement and, 319

Brahimi Report, 75–77

Brazil, 142

Bremer, Jerry, 355–56

Breyer, Stephen, 148

Briquemont, Francis, 60, 69

Brown, Gordon, 234

Brown, Mark Malloch, 226

Brundtland, Gro Harlem, 238, 243

Bunche, Ralph, 255

Burundi, 51

Bush, George H. W., 42, 319

Bush, George W., 3–4, 200, 296–7, 300, 303, 343, 355, 362–63, 365

“axis of evil” State of the Union Address by, 345

HIV/AIDS campaign funding and, 240–41

Israeli-Palestinian conflict and, 273, 278, 279, 282–83

pledge of funds for development from, 233

Security Council authorization for attack on Iraq and, 346, 348–49, 352

Bush administration

aid for international development and, 233, 234

Iraq War and, 2, 3

business, and UN development agenda, 217–19

Butler, Richard, 322–23, 324, 330, 331, 333

Cambodia, 35, 91

Camdessus, Michel, 221

Cameroon, 115

Camp David talks, 254–55, 261–62, 266–67

Canada, 116–17, 213

capitalism versus socialism debate, and development agenda of UN, 214–16

Cardenas, Emilio, 323

Carter, Jimmy, 291, 361–62

Carter Center, 291

Cassese, Antonio, 130

Castro, Fidel, 146

Cedar Revolution, 300

Chad, 126, 232

Chernomydin, Viktor, 98, 100

Chile, 353

Chiluba, Frederick, 182

China, 125, 141, 143.
See also
Security Council

poverty rate in, 245

refusal to ratify Rome Statute, 153

and Security Council debate on forcing Hussein's disarmament, 345–46

Chirac, Jacques, 4, 98, 117–18, 296–7, 300, 301, 352, 362

Chissano, Joachim, 188

climate change, 249–50

Clinton, Bill, 83, 240–41, 362

Arab-Israeli summits and, 254–55, 261–62, 266–67

East Timor and, 110

inspections of Iraq and, 325

Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations and, 269, 270–72, 272–73

Kosovo and, 98

Somalia and, 46

Clinton administration, 50, 326

cohesion, and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 246

Cold War, 32, 33–34, 213, 214

Coleman, Norm, 360

colonialism, 171–72, 175–79, 212–13

Commission of Inquiry into the Post-Election Violence (CIPEV), 203–4

Comoros, 182

Congo, 86

Congress, U. S.

Darfur genocide declaration by, 129

UN funding and, 50–51

Congress of Berlin, 1885, 171

Connor, Joe, 360

Convention on the Prevention of the Crime of Genocide, 118–19

Convention People's Party, 18

Cook, Robin, 92–93, 94

Corell, Hans, 150, 360

Cotecna, 360, 362

coups d'état, 170, 175, 182–84

in Ghana, 21–22, 26, 173, 176

in Nigeria, 164

Croatia, 60, 61, 70

Cuba, 34, 145, 146

Cypress Group, 337, 339

Dallaire, Reece, 46–48, 53, 54, 55–56, 57

Darfur, 119–32

diplomatic efforts in, 121–24

genocide and, 129–31

humanitarian aid to, 123

International Criminal Court (ICC) and, 153–54

North-South peace process and, 124

peacekeeping force in, 131–32

rebellion in, 120

Security Council and, 122–26, 130, 131–32

tribal fighters and gangs supported by Sudanese army in, 120–21

visit of Annan to Sudan and meeting with Bashir, 126–29

Dayal, Viru, 320

Dayton Accords, 73, 86

de Mistura, Staffan, 325

Democratic Republic of Congo, 117–18

Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), 34, 35–36, 38

Bosnia and, 63, 66–69

development and, 213–14

Rwanda and, 46–59

Somalia and, 40–42, 44

tape of Hizbollah kidnapping of Israeli soldiers and, 281–82

Derbez, Luis, 353

de Soto, Álvaro, 289–90, 292–93

development agenda of UN, 209–313

Africa and, 212–13

business and, 217–19

capitalism versus socialism debate and, 214–16

Cold War and, 213

development decades, 1960s and 1970s, 213

integrating and coordinating UN agencies and, 219–22

Millennium Declaration, 225–27

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (
See
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs))

nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and, 216–17

We the Peoples
report and, 222–26

development decades, 213

de Villepin, Dominique, 347, 349, 350–51

disarmament, of Iraq, 320–34, 344–54

Dobbins, James, 339

Dole, Bob, 58

Doyle, Michael, 226

Durban Conference on Racism, 2001, 282

duty of care, intervention as, 114–19

East Timor, 81–83, 101–14, 315–16, 338

annexation by Indonesia, 101

Australia and, 106–8, 112

independence referendum and subsequent violence, 81–83, 103–6

INTERFET and, 112

Portuguese-Indonesian negotiations, 102–3

UN compound besieged in, 108–10

UNTAET and rebuilding of, 112–14

Eban, Abba, 252–53

Eckhard, Fred, 136, 278

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), 25, 26, 212–13

education, of women, 232

Egypt, 142–43, 266, 312

Ekeus, Rolf, 321–22, 324

El-Arabi, Nabil, 322

ElBaradei, Mohamed, 332–33, 353

Eliasson, Jan, 145–46, 323

Erlanger, Steven, 317

Erler, Gernot, 198

Ethiopia, 232, 235