Musil, Robert, 37, 183, 236;
The Man without Qualities, 236–7 Mussolini, Benito, 273 Myrdal, Gunnar: An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, 390–1, 423, 458, 644, 654–5

Nabis, Les (group), 59

Nabokov, Vladimir:
Lolita,
429–30

Nachtsheim, Hans, 309–10

Nagasaki, 387, 401, 729

Nagel, Thomas, 701;
Mortal Questions,
673;
The View from Nowhere,
673–4

Naipaul, Sir Vidia S., 711;
A House for Mr Biswas
and other tides, 712; travel books, 762–3

Nambu, Yoichiro, 745

Narayan, R. K., 709

Narborough, Leicestershire, 682–3

Nash, Ogden, 218

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 567, 737

National Air and Space Museum, Washington, 729

National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC, 657

National Organization of Women, 431, 524

Needham, Joseph, 577

Negro peoples: appearance in Africa, 556–7;
see also
US minorities, racial neighborhood effect (education), 519

Neruda, Pablo, 334, 706

Neue Freie Presse
(Vienna), 44–5

Neugebauer, Otto, 352

Neumann, Franz, 223, 225, 360

Neumann, Heinz, 413

Neumann, Johann (or John) von, 102, 363, 507

Neumann, Sigmund, 223

Neurath, Otto, 180, 235–6

Nevinson, C. R. W, 154

New Republic
(periodical), 388

New School for Social Research, New York, 354

Newton, Sir Isaac, 21–2, 99,
602,
743;
Principia Mathematica,
99

New Vienna Daily,
57

New York: art movement in, 85–6; buildings, 80, 82, 86, 331

New York Native
(journal), 658

New York Times,
96–7, 665

New York World’s Fair (1939), 327

New Yorker
(periodical), 211, 217–18, 504–5, 520, 582

New Zealand, universities, 73

Nicholson, Virginia, 348

Niebuhr, Helmut Rheinhaid, 80

Nietzsche, Friedrich: Conrad follows, 48; death, 65; and fascism, 234; French discover, 408; Hofmannsthal and, 30; influence, 39–40, 55, 90, 135; logical-positivist reaction against, 235; Nordau reads, 43; Picasso influenced by, 61; relations with Rilke, 227; Spengler influenced by, 171

Nijinska, Romola, 358

Nijinsky, Vaslav, 130–1

Nixon, Richard M., 568, 644–5

Nolde, Emil, 163, 222, 301, 312–13;
Years of Struggle,
301

Noll, Richard, 760

Nordau, Max, 43–4, 48, 172

Northcliffe, Alfred Harmsworth, Viscount, 339

Nozick, Robert, 548–9, 644, 673;
Anarchy, State, and Utopia,
550

Nureyev, Rudolf, 627, 663

Nussbaum, Martha:
Cultivating Humanity,
732

O’Brien, Conor Cruise, 721

Oh! Calcutta!
(stage musical), 529

Ohain, Hans von, 269–70

O’Hanlon, Redmond:
Joseph Conrad and Charles Darwin,
49

O’Hara, Frank, 512

O’Hara, John, 218

Okigbo, Christopher, 713

Okri, Ben, 713

Okunev, Ivan Vasilievich, 315–16

Oldenburg, Claes, 511

Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, 485–7, 607, 688

Oliphant, Mark, 256, 366, 392–3, 396

Oliver, George, 103

Olivier, Laurence, 640

Olympic Games: 1904, St Louis, 112; 1936, Berlin, 329 & n

O’Neill, Ella, 345

O’Neill, Eugene, 216–17, 345–7, 717–18

Only One Earth
(report), 583

Ophüls, Max, 637

Oppenheimer, Frank, 401

Oppenheimer, Robert, 401, 507

Opportunity
(magazine), 282

Orbison, Roy, 457

Orpen, Sir William, 173–4

Ortega y Gasset, José, 331, 447, 599, 767;
Revolt of the Masses,
291–2

Orwell, George (Eric Blair), 186, 285–8, 334, 337, 346, 464, 466, 472, 768;
Animal Farm,
386–7, 413, 472;
Down and Out in Paris and London,
286;
Nineteen Eighty-Four,
472–3, 481;
The Road to Wigan Pier,
287

Osborn, Henry Fairchild, 206

Osborne, John:
Look Back in Anger,
463, 466, 470

Otis Brothers (elevator manufacturers), 81n

Oud, J. P., 224

Ovington, Mary, 108–9, 111

Owen, Wilfred, 145, 154–6

Owens, Jesse, 329

Ozenfant, Amédée, 355

Pach, Walter, 127

Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, 553

Packard, Vance, 445–6

Pallot, James, 639

Pangaea, 122

Panofsky, Erwin, 223, 305–6, 355, 360

Pappenheim, Bertha (‘Anna O’), 13, 55

Pargellis, Andrew, 749

Paris: cafes in, 411–12; Dada in, 163–4; intellectual and cultural life in (‘Left Bank’), 411–20; Picasso in, 23–5; rebuilt by Haussman, 52; Universal Exhibition (1900), 24; universities in, 627;
see also
Pompidou Centre

Park, Robert E., 216, 281–2, 390

Parker, Dorothy, 217

Parkes, Andrew, 97

Parks, Rosa, 458, 524

Parsons, Talcott, 629

Passchendaele, battle of (Great War), 146

Pasternak, Boris, 322–4

Pater, Walter, 5

Paterson, Annabel: Shakespeare and the Popular Voice,
717

Paul VI, Pope, 580

Pauli, Wolfgang, 258–9

Pauling, Linus, 266–8, 343–4, 374, 477–80, 615n

Pauling, Peter, 480

Pavlov, Ivan, 318

Paz, Octavio, 706, 763

Peano, Giuseppe, 101

Pearl Harbor, 354, 371, 397

Pechstein, Max, 301

Peebles, P.J. E., 569–70

Peierls, Rudolf, 392–3, 396

Peirce, Charles Sanders, 75–6

Penguin Books, 337–40

Penrose, Roger, 271, 701–2, 740

Penthouse
(periodical), 529

Penzias, Arno, 569–70

Perelman, S. J., 218

Perkins, Anthony, 490–1, 663

Perkins, David, 196

Perls, Fritz, 664

Peru, 118–20

Perutz, Max, 267, 481

Pestalozzi, Johann, 78

Peter, Paul and Mary, 523

Pettigrew, Thomas, 534

Pevsner, Anton, 164

Piaf, Edith, 414

Piaget, Jean, 500, 629, 631, 634

Piano, Renzo, 621–2

Picabia, Francis:
Pensées sans langage,
164

Picasso, Conchita, 24

Picasso, Pablo: Apollinaire and, 129; artistic career, 58–63; collaborates with Satie on
Parade,
203, 257; designs sets for Diaghilev, 130, 199; Gide and, 201; influence on Rilke, 227; James Joyce evokes, 193; in Paris, 23–5, 59, 411; refuses to emigrate to USA, 353; studies Munch, 35; withdraws money from Paris bank (1914), 144;
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon,
58–9, 61–4, 131;
Guernica,
332, 335–7

Pickford, Mary (
née
Gladys Smith), 88–9

Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York, 350, 355, 510

Pigou, Arthur, 383

Pincus, Gregory, 428–9

Pinker, Steven, 692, 695

Pinter, Harold, 418

Pirandello, Luigi, 191, 201, 412; Henry IV, 186, 191–2, 195; Six Characters in Search of an Author, 191 Pirsig, Robert: Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance,
597–8

Piscator, Erwin, 229, 231, 354

Pistor, Baroness Fanny, 33

Pitchfork, Colin, 683

Pitman, Walter III, 553

Pius X, Pope and St:
Editae
(encyclical), 68;
Pascendi Dominici Gregus
(encyclical), 67–8

Pius XII, Pope:
Humani Generis
(encyclical), 575–6

Pizarro, Gonzalo, 118

Planck, Karl, 145

Planck, Max: on conservatism of scientists, 489; criticises Mach, 37; discussed at St Louis World Fair, 112; family background and values, 5, 20, 757; German education, 74; on light behaving as particle, 260; and quantum physics, 21–3, 29, 36, 93, 95, 134, 258; Schlick studies under, 235; Schrödinger succeeds, 373; son killed in war, 145