The Harlot by The Side of The Road: Forbidden Tales of The Bible (56 page)

16.
Cynthia Baker, “Pseudo-Philo and the Transformation of Jephthah’s Daughter,” in
Anti-Covenant
, ed. Mieke Bal (Sheffield, England: Almond Press, 1989), 197.

17.
Ben Zion Bokser,
The Jewish Mystical Tradition
(New York: Pilgrim Press, 1981), 9-10.

18.
Bokser, 50, 107.

19.
Landes, 7.

20.
Boling, 211.

21.
Ginzberg, vol. 4, 44.

22.
Anne Michele Tapp, “An Ideology of Expendability,” in
Anti-Covenant
, ed. Mieke Bal, 174, fn. 10.

23.
Exum, 1989, 71, fn. 6.

24.
Webb, 40.

25.
Joseph M. Davis, “On the Idea of Covenant,”
Conservative Judaism
41, no. 4 (summer 1989): 26-27.

26.
Landes, 8.

27.
Landes, 8-9.

28.
Northrop Frye,
The Great Code
(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982), 185.

29.
Biblical Antiquities
39.11, cited in Cheryl Anne Brown,
No Longer Be Silent
(Louisville, Ky.: Westminster-John Knox Press, 1992), 97.

30.
Ginzberg, vol. 4, 43-44.

31.
Ginzberg, vol. 4, 44.

32.
Ginzberg, vol. 4, 44.

33.
Boling, 197.

34.
J. Cheryl Exum, “On Judges II,” in
A Feminist Companion to Judges
, ed. Brenner, 140.

35.
Peggy L. Day, “From the Child Is Born the Woman,” in
Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel
, ed. Peggy L. Day (Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress Press, 1989), 69, fn. 14, citing the work of Gustav Bostrom.

36.
Boling, 209. Boling finds the suggestion “doubtful.”

37.
Frye, 185.

38.
Ramras-Rauch, 167.

39.
David Penchansky, “Staying the Night,” in
Reading between Texts
, ed. Danna Nolan Fewell (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster-John Knox Press, 1992), 84. But Penchansky goes on to disassociate himself from his own speculations: “They all have serious flaws and lack any strong textual or artifactual support” (85).

40.
Adrien Jams Bledstein, “Is Judges a Woman’s Satire of Men Who Play God?” in
A Feminist Companion to Judges
, ed. Brenner, 46.

41.
Exum, 1989, 70.

42.
Richard Elliott Friedman,
Who Wrote the Bible?
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1987), 34-35.

43.
Stephen L. Harris,
Understanding the Bible
, 2nd ed. (Palo Alto, Calif.: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1985), 83.

44.
Martin Noth,
The Old Testament World
(Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1966), 177-78.

45.
Speiser, 7, n. 26.

46.
Harris, 3-4.

47.
Gerald Cooke, “The Sons of (the) God(s),”
Zeitschrift fur
die
Alttestamentische Wissenschaft
, band 76 (1964): 24.

48.
Raphael Patai, The
Hebrew Goddess
(New York: Avon Books, 1978), 9.

49.
Patai, 9.

50.
Patai, 13.

51.
Patai, 113-14.

52.
Patai, 12.

53.
Carole Fontaine, “The Deceptive Goddess in Ancient Near Eastern Myth,” Semeia 42 (1988):86.

54.
Patai, 13.

55.
Ben Zion Bokser, The
Jewish Mystical Tradition
(New York: Pilgrim Press, 1981), 21.

56.
Bib Ant
. 40.5-6, in Brown, 110.

57.
Bib. Ant. 40.4, in Brown, 106.

58.
Baker, 202.

59.
Murphy,
Pseudo-Philo
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 267.

60.
Bib. Ant
40.4-7, in Baker, 206-7 (Translation by D. J. Harrington).

61.
Bib. Ant
. 40.6, in Brown, 110.

62.
Bib. Ant
. 40.4, 40.6, in Brown, 106, 110.

63.
Bib Ant
. 40.5-6, in Brown, 110.

64.
Bib Ant
40.6, in Brown, 110 (Format has been slightly adapted).

65.
Brown, 94.

66.
Tapp, 172.

1.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
Oeuvres Complètes
, ed. Bernard Gagnelin and Marcel Raymond (Paris: Gallimard, 1964), vol. 2, 1214-15. Original translation by Adam Kirsch.

2.
David M. Gunn, “Joshua and Judges,” in
The Literary Guide to the Bible
, ed. Robert Alter and Frank Kermode (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1987), 119.

3.
Stuart Lasine, “Guest and Host in Judges 19,”
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
29 (June 1984): 40.

4.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton,
The Woman’s Bible
(New York: European Publishing Company, 1898; reprint, New York: Arno Press, 1972), 12, 36.

5.
Stanton, 7.

6.
Carole Fontaine, “The Deceptive Goddess in Ancient Near Eastern Myth,”
Semeia
42 (1988): 84-85.

7.
Johanna W. H. Bos, “Out of the Shadows,”
Semeia
42 (1988): 38, fn, 1, citing the work of Naomi Steinberg.

8.
Esther Fuchs, “The Literary Characterization of Mothers and Sexual Politics in the Hebrew Bible,”
Semeia
46 (1989): 154.

9.
Joseph Heller,
God Knows
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984), 5.

10.
Gila Ramras-Rauch, “Fathers and Daughters,” in “Mappings of the Biblical Terrain,” ed. Vincent L. Tollers and John Maier,
Bucknell Review
33, no. 2 (1990): 168.

11.
Ramras-Rauch, 160.

12.
Robert G. Boling, tr. and intro.
Judges
, Anchor Bible (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1975), 273-74.

13.
Phyllis Trible,
Texts of Terror
(Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984), 66-67.

14.
J. Cheryl Exum,
Fragmented Women
(Sheffield, England: JSOT Press, 1993), 177.

15.
Anson Rainey and Ben-Zion (Benno) Schereschewsky, “Concubine,” in
Encyclopoedia Judaica
, 17 vols. (Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House), vol. 5, 862-65.

16.
Trible, 66.

17.
Trible, 79-80.

18.
Anne Michele Tapp, “An Ideology of Expendability,” in
Anti-Covenant
, ed. Mieke Bal (Sheffield, England: Almond Press, 1989), 173.

19.
Tapp, 171. (I have used the word “stories” in place of the technical term “fabulae” that appears in the original passage. “Fabulae” is defined by Tapp as “a series of logically and chronologically related events that are caused or experienced by actors,” a definition that she credits to leading feminist Bible scholar Mieke Bal.)

20.
Adrien Janis Bledstein, “Is Judges a Woman’s Satire of Men Who Play God?” in
A Feminist Companion to Judges
, ed. Athalya Brenner (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press, 1993), 34.

21.
David Penchansky, “Staying the Night,” in
Reading between Texts
(Louisville, Ky.: Westminster-John Knox Press, 1992), 84-85. (As previously noted, Penchansky raises but disassociates himself from these intriguing scenarios.)

22.
Richard Elliott Friedman,
Who Wrote the Bible?
(Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1987), 103.

23.
Friedman, 117.

24.
Bledstein, 53.

25.
Boling, 1109.

26.
Leila Leah Bronner, “Valorized or Vilified?”, in Brenner, 78.

27.
Barnabus Lindars, “Deborah’s Song,”
Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester
65, no. 2 (spring 1983): 173.

28.
Danna Nolan Fewell and David M. Gunn, 1990, 394.

29.
Bledstein, 52.

30.
Susan Niditch, “Eroticism and Death in the Tale of Jael,” in
Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel
, ed. Peggy L. Day (Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress Press, 1989), 46, citing Robert Alter, “From Line to Story in Biblical Verse,”
Poetics Today
4 (1983): 633.

31.
Niditch, 45-46, 52.

32.
Niditch, 47.

33.
Bronner, 89.

34.
Niditch, 47-50.

35.
Bledstein, 41-42, fn. 4.

36.
Lindars, 174.

37.
Louis Ginzberg,
The Legends of the Jews
, 7 vols. (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1909-1938), vol. 4, 198, fn. 85.

38.
Niditch, 45. (Emphasis added.)

39.
Yairah Amit, “Literature in the Service of Politics,” in
Politics and Theopolitics in
the Bible and Postbiblical Literature
, ed. Henning Graf Reventlow, Yair Hoffman, and Benjamin Uffenheimer (Sheffield, England: JSOT Press, 1994), 28.

40.
Amit, 31.

1.
Jared J. Jackson, “David’s Throne,”
Canadian Journal of Theology
11, no. 3 (1965): 183.

2.
Sigmund Freud,
Moses and Monotheism
(New York: Vintage Books, 1967), 51.

3.
Leonhard Rost,
The Succession to the Throne of David
(Sheffield, England: Almond Press, 1982), 104.

4.
David M. Howard, Jr., “David,” in
The Anchor Bible Dictionary
, 6 vols., ed. David Noel Freedman (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1992), vol. 2, 41.

5.
Martin Noth,
The Old Testament World
(Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1966), 376-81.

6.
Harold Bloom and David Rosenberg,
The Book of J
(New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990), 40-41.

7.
Raymond-Jean Frontain and Jan Wojcik, ed.,
The David Myth in Western Literature
(West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, 1980), 4.

8.
Joseph Heller,
God Knows
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984), 5-6.

9.
David M. Howard, Jr., “David (Person),” ABD, vol. II, 44.

10.
J. P. Fokkelman,
Narrative Art and Poetry in the Books of Samuel
, vol. 1 (Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum, 1981), 103.

11.
Charles Conroy,
Absalom, Absalom!
Analecta Biblica (Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1978), 17-18, fn. 3.

12.
Conroy, 17-18, fn. 3.

13.
Susan Niditch, “The ‘Sodomite’ Theme in Judges 19-20,”
Catholic Bible Quarterly
44, no. 3 (July 1982): 370.

14.
George Ridout, “The Rape of Tamar,” in
Rhetorical Criticism
, ed. Jared J. Jackson and Martin Kessler (Pittsburgh: Pickwick Press, 1974), 77.

15.
John H. Otwell,
And Sarah Laughed
(Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1977), 23.

16.
Phyllis Trible,
Texts of Terror
(Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1984), 53.

17.
P. Kyle McCarter, tr., intro., notes, and comm.,
II Samuel
, Anchor Bible (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1984), 322.

18.
Trible, 58, n. 16.

19.
McCarter, 322.

20.
Fokkelien van Dijk-Hemmes, “Tamar and the Limits of Patriarchy,” in
Anti-Covenant
, ed. Mieke Bal (Sheffield, England: Almond Press, 1989), 140, citing a translation by Jonneke Bekkenkamp.