East Berlin:
access agreements with West
government of
life in
Soviet-style architecture
uprising of 1953
war damage
see also
Berlin Wall
East Germany (German Democratic Republic):
collectivization policy
death of Ulbricht
emigration to West
establishment of East German state
fall of East German state
life in
Lutheran Church
Neues Forum
‘New Economic System’
and
Ostpolitik
and ‘Prague Spring’
rearmament
shortages and rationing
Socialist Unity Party (SED)
Soviet-style architecture
Stasi (state security)
Systemzeit
television
treaties with West Germany (1971-2)
tyranny and repression in
uprising of 1953
East Prussia
Ebbw Vale steel works
EC see European Community
ECA see Economic Cooperation Administration
Ecevit, Bülent
École Nationale d’Administration (ENA)
École Normale Supérieure (ENS)
Economic Cooperation Administration (United States; ECA)
Economist
(newspaper)
ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community)
Eczacıbaşı, Nejat F.
EDC (European Defence Community)
Eden, Anthony, 1st Earl of Avon
Eden, Clarissa, Countess of Avon
EDF (European Defence Force)
Edwardes, Sir Michael
EEC see European Economic Community
Egypt:
Aswan Dam
British and French rule
Camp David accords (1978)
Copts
coup of 1952
foreign aid
Greek minority
under Nasser
Six Day War (1967)
Soviet support
Suez crisis
union with Syria
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Ehrlich, Paul,
The Population Bomb
Ehrlichman, John
Eichengreen, Barry
Einstein, Albert
Eisenhower, Dwight D.:
character
and China
and Cuba
election as President
and establishment of NATO
on European military-industrial complex
and German rearmament
and Guatemala
and Khrushchev
and Korean War
popularity
second term
and Suez crisis
Eisenhower, Mamie
Eisler, Gerhart
Eisler, Hanns
Elizabeth, Queen
Ellsberg, Daniel
Eltis, Walter
Britain’s Economic Problem
emigration:
British
Chinese
Irish
Jewish
Turkish ‘guest workers’ in Germany
Emminger, Otmar
Encounter
(magazine)
Ensslin, Gudrun
Enver Pasha
Enzensberger, Hans-Magnus
EPU (European Payments Union)
Erasmus, Desiderius
Erbakan, Necmettin
Erfurt
Erhard, Ludwig
ERM see Exchange Rate Mechanism
ERP (European Recovery Program) see Marshall Plan
Erzurum
Escoffier, Auguste
Eskişehir
espionage see spies
Essen
Esso (oil company)
Estonia
Ethiopia
Étiemble
EU see European Union
eugenics
Euphrates river
Euratom (European Atomic Community)
euro (currency)
eurodollars
European Atomic Community (Euratom)
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
European Commission
European Community (EC)
see also
European Economic Community; European Union
European Council of Ministers
European Court of Human Rights
European Court of Justice
European Defence Community (EDC)
European Defence Force (EDF)
European Economic Community (EEC; Common Market)
British membership
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
Luxemburg Compromise
Single European Act
Turkey’s proposed membership
see also
European Community; European Union
European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)
European Free Trade Association
European Monetary Cooperation Fund
European Monetary System
European Parliament
European Payments Union (EPU)
European Recovery Program see Marshall Plan
European Union (EU)
see also
European Community; European Economic Community
Evian accords (1962)
Evren, Kenan
Exchange Rate Mechanism (European; ERM)
Exxon (oil company)
Fahd, Prince
Fairbank, John K.
Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia
Falange
Falin, Valentin
Falklands War (1982)
Farkas, Vladimir
Farrakhan, Louis
fast food
Fatsa
fax machines
Federal Express (corporation)
Federal Republic of Germany see West Germany
Federal Reserve System (United States)
feminism
Ferguson, Niall
Fermi, Enrico
Ferro, Marc
Feyzioğlu, Turhan
Fidelio
(opera)
Fierlinger, Zdeněk
Fignolé, Daniel
Financial Times
‘Finebel’ (proposed European free-trade area)
Finer, Samuel
Finland:
espionage in
EU membership
and Marshall Plan
more interesting and successful than Sweden
neutrality
Second World War
Soviet bases closed
territorial losses
winter war with USSR (1939-40)
‘Finlandization’
Fırat, Abdülmelik
First World War
peace treaty
reparations
Fischer, Ernst
Fischer, Fritz
Fischer, Joschka
Fischer, Ruth
‘Fisherman of Halicarnassus’
Fitzgerald, Frances
Fitzwilliam, Peter Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 8th Earl of
Flaubert, Gustave:
L’Éducation sentimentale
Madame Bovary
Fleming, Ian
Fleurus, battle of (1794)
Florida
Foot, Michael
football hooliganism
Ford, Gerald:
appointment as President
character
energy policy
and human rights
loses 1976 election
and Vietnam
Ford, Glyn
Ford, Henry
Ford (automobile manufacturer)
Ford Foundation
Forster, E. M.
Fortune
list
Foster, William
Foucault, Michel,
Madness and Civilization
Fouchet, Christian
Fourier, Charles
Fowler, Henry
France:
agriculture
aircraft industry
and Algerian oil
Algerian war
aristocracy
austerity programmes
automobile industry
balance of payments
banking system
Bibliothèque Nationale
bicentenary of Revolution
birth rates
bourgeoisie
Catholic Church
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
civil service
Code Napoléon
colonies
Communist Party
cultural institutions
currency controls
Depression (1930s)
and division of Germany
economic recovery and success
education system (
see also
universities)
and EEC/EU
and Egypt
election of 1958
and establishment of NATO
and European Defence Community
Fifth Republic, establishment of
film industry
First World War
Fourth Republic, fall of
franc fort
Franco-German reconciliation
Free French
gold reserves
‘Grand Schools’
and Helsinki conference (1975)
immigration
imports
Indo-China war
industrial unrest
inflation
intelligentsia
and Kurdish nationalism
and Marshall Plan
Marxism
Monnet Plan
nationalization of industry
Nazi occupation
nuclear power
nuclear weapons
peasantry
pieds noirs
Popular Front
post-war claims to German resources
post-war shortages and rationing
productivity levels
protectionism
republicanism
resistance to American cultural domination
Revolution (1789-99)
revolution of 1830
revolution of 1848
and Romania
Second Empire
and spread of Marxism
Stavisky scandal (1934)
steel production
strikes
student demonstrations (1968)
and Suez crisis
and ‘Swedish model’
technological developments
television
theatre
Third Republic
trade unions
unemployment
universities
UNR (Union pour la Nouvelle République)
Vichy government
war damage
withdrawal from NATO military command
zone of occupation in Germany
Franco, Francisco
Frankfurt
Frankfurt School
Free Democrats (German; FDP)
Free French
freeways
French Foreign Legion
French language:
anglicization of
attempts to promote
in Belgium
French Revolution
bicentenary
Friedan, Betty,
The Feminine Mystique
Friedman, Milton
‘Fritalux’ (proposed European free-trade area)
Frum, David
Fukuyama, Francis,
The End of History
Fulbright, J. William
Fumaroli, Marc
G7 (group of industrial nations)
G10 (group of industrial nations)
Gaddafi, Muammar al
Gagarin, Yuri
Gage, Nicholas,
Eleni
Gaillard, Félix
Galata
Galbraith, John Kenneth
Affluent Society
Galkovskiy, V. N.
Galtieri, Leopoldo
Galtung, Johan
Galvani, Luigi
Gandhi, Mahatma
Gansel, Norbert
GAP (South-Eastern Anatolia Project)
Garaudy, Roger
gas, natural
Gates, William ‘Bill’
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
Gaulle, Charles de see de Gaulle, Charles
Gavras, Costa
Gdańsk
Gencer, Leyla
Genentech (biotechnology corporation)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
General Electric
General Motors
Geneva
Geneva conference (1954)
Geneva conference (1958)
Genghiz Khan
Genscher, Hans-Dietrich
George II, King of Greece
Georgia
Gerasimov, Gennady
German Customs Union (Zollverein)
German Democratic Republic see East Germany
German empire
German language, anglicization of
Germany, Weimar Republic
Germany, Nazi:
Allied bombing of
capitulation
concentration camps
eugenics
exports
inflation
invasion of Greece
invasion of USSR
local political supervisors
protectionism
reduction of unemployment
rise of Nazis
war criminals
Germany, post-war occupied:
Allied occupation zones (‘Bizonia’/‘Trizonia’)
‘Bank of German Lands’
black market
bomb damage
Christian Democrats
coal production
Communist Party
Communist takeover in east
currency reform
division
exports
inflation
and Marshall Plan
prisoners of war in USSR
reparations
shortages
Social Democrats
Soviet occupation zone
steel production
territorial losses
trade unions
winter weather of 1946-7
see also
East Germany; West Germany
Germany, reunified
Germinal
(film)
Gerő, Ernő
Gerschenkron, Alexander
Ghana
Ghibellines
Giap, Vo Nguyen
Gielgud, Sir John
Gierek, Edward
Gillette (corporation)
Gillingham, John
Ginsborg, Paul
Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry
Gladstone, William Ewart
Glasgow
High School
Royal Technical College
glasnost
Glotz, Peter
Glubb Pasha
Godesberg program (German SPD)
Godley, Wynne
Gogol, Nikolai,
Dead Souls
Gold Coast
Gold Standard
Golden Bull (1356)
Golden Ring (Russia)
Goldsmith, Sir James
Goldwater, Barry
Gomułka, Władysław
Gone With the Wind
(film)
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gorbachev, Mikhail:
and Afghan war
anti-alcohol campaign
background and character
and collapse of East Germany
and coup of August 1991
elected General Secretary
glasnost
and
perestroyka
international reputation
Malta summit (1989)
meeting with Margaret Thatcher (1984)
‘our common European home’
and Poland
Gordievsky, Oleg
Goths
Gottwald, Klement
Gow, Ian
Goytisolo, Juan
Gramsci, Antonio
Great Britain see Britain
Great Society (Johnson)
failure of
Greece:
backwardness
civil war
Colonels’ coup (1967)