Kurdish
Middle East
Romania
Scotland
Slovakia
South East Asia
Spain
USSR
Yugoslavia
nationalization of industry:
Britain
Chile
France
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization):
establishment of
and European missile bases
fiftieth anniversary
French withdrawal from military command
headquarters moved to Brussels
intelligence network
and Korean War
military-financial complex
Turkish membership
West German membership
natural gas
Nature
(magazine)
Nazism see Germany, Nazi; neo-Nazism
Needham, Joseph
Neil, Andrew
Nekrich, Alexandr
Nemchinov, Vasily
Németh, Miklós
Nenni, Pietro
neo-Nazism
Nerchinsk, Treaty of (1689)
Neruda, Pablo
Neues Deutschland
(newspaper)
Neues Forum
(East German independent political movement)
Nevşehir
New Deal (Roosevelt)
New Delhi
New Frontier (Kennedy)
New Republic
(magazine)
New York:
affluence
anti-Vietnam War protests
bankruptcy and collapse of public services
Castro in
crime
financial centre
government
Kennedy airport
poverty
New York Review of Books
New York Times
New Zealand
Newsweek
(magazine)
Newton Dunn, Bill
Nhu, Madame Ngo Dinh
Nicaragua
Contras
Nicholas of Cusa
Nicolson, Sir Harold
Nielsen, Birgit
Nietzsche, Friedrich
Nigeria, oil production
Nightingale, Florence
Nissan (automobile manufacturer)
Nixon, Richard:
appearance and character
and Cambodia
and Ceauşescu
and Chile
China visit (1972)
and Congress
economic policy
election as President: (1968); (1972)
impeachment proceedings and resignation
and Israel
loses 1960 election
reputation
row with Khrushchev over culture
and SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
‘silent majority’ speech
Vice-President
and Vietnam
Watergate scandal
Nkrumah, Kwame
NKVD (Soviet People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs)
Noble, Denis
Nol, Lon
Norilsk
North Korea:
establishment of
and Japan
Kim II Sung regime
missiles
see also
Korean War
North Sea
oil
North Vietnam:
agricultural collectivization
Army
bombing of
Chinese military support
establishment of
executions
see also
Vietnam War
Norway
Novorossiysk
Novotný, Antonín
nuclear physics
nuclear power
nuclear weapons:
American development of
British development of
French development of
Geneva conference on nuclear tests (1958)
‘nuclear deterrent’ doctrine
Pakistan’s development of
‘peaceful coexistence’ doctrine
SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)
Soviet development of
threatened use in Korean War
see also
ICBMs
NUPE (British National Union of Public Employees)
Nuremberg trials
Nuti, Mario
Oberdorfer, Don
Observer
(newspaper)
Öcalan, Abdullah
Occidental Petroleum
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
OEEC (Organization for European Economic Cooperation)
oil crisis of 1973
oil prices
oil production:
Indonesia
Mexico
Middle East
Nigeria
North Sea
OPEC
Sahara
USA
USSR
Venezuela
Oistrakh, David
Olçay, Osman
Olympic Games, Moscow (1980)
Onassis, Aristotle
O’Neill, Thomas ‘Tip’
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
opera
opium
‘Optimal Functioning’ (Soviet planning system)
Orbán, Viktor
Organization of American States
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries see OPEC
Orlov, Andrey
Orlov, Yuri
Orthodox Church
Orwell, George
Coming Up for Air
Nineteen Eighty-Four
Osborne, John
Ostpolitik
O’Sullivan, John
Oswald, Lee Harvey
Ottoman Empire
collapse of
Outer Mongolia
Owen, Sir Geoffrey
Oxford University
Bodleian Library
Özal, Turgut:
background, family and character
death
economic reforms
foreign policy
and Kurdish nationalism
opposition to
premiership and presidency
Packard, Vance,
Status Seekers
Pakistan:
and Afghanistan
American support for
and China
establishment of
nuclear weapons development
war in Kashmir
Palermo
Palestine:
British Mandate
partition
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
Palestinians
Palme, Olof
Panama
Panmunjom
papacy
Papandreou, Andreas
Paris:
1930s
1960s
Bibliothèque Nationale
bourgeoisie
Centre Beaubourg
Eiffel Tower
financial institutions
Louvre museum
metro
Musée’Orsay
Palais de Chaillot
post-war rationing
property prices
revolution of 1848
suburban tower blocks
Paris Commune
Paris Peace accords (1973)
Paris Peace conference (1947)
Paris summit (1960)
Parsifal
(opera)
Partisan Review
Pasternak, Boris
Pathans
Patten, Chris, Baron Patten of Barnes
Patti, Adelina
Pavlov, Georgy
Pavlovsky, General Ivan
PDK (Kurdistan Democratic Party)
Pearl Harbor
Peasant Party (Hungarian)
peasantry
Chile
China
Cuba
Czechoslovakia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Poland
Romania
Russia
USSRp>
Turkey
Vietnam
Peck, Gregory
Pei, I. M.
Peking
PEN club
Peng Pai
Penguin (publishers)
penicillin
Penn Central railway
‘Pentagon Papers’
People’s Liberation Army see Red Army (Chinese)
perestroyka
Perkins, Thomas
Perle, Richard
Persepolis
Peter the Great
Petőfi, Sandor
petrochemicals industries
Pflimlin, Pierre
Philadelphia
Philby, Kim
Philipe, Gérard
Philippines
Phillips, Alban William
Phillips Curve
Phillips, Melanie
Phnom Penh
Phoenix, Arizona
Piaf, Édith
Picasso, Pablo
Pieck, Walter
pieds noirs
Pill, contraceptive
Pinay, Antoine
Piñera, José
Pinochet, Augusto
‘Pinochet solution’
Pinter, Harold
Pipes, Richard
Piscator, Erwin
Pitsunda
PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party)
Platts-Mills, John
Playboy
(magazine)
Plaza Agreement (1985)
Pleiku
Pleven, René
PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)
Plojhar, Mgr Josef
Plumb, Sir John
plutonium
Plyushch, Leonid
Podolia
Poindexter, John
Poitiers
Pol Pot
Poland:
agricultural collectivization
anti-semitism
anti-Soviet demonstrations
aristocracy
Catholic Church
coal industry
collapse of communism
Communist Party
communist takeover
Convention of Targowice (1792)
emigrants to Germany
ethnic German population
and France
under Gierek
under Gomułka
inflation
intelligentsia
Jews in
and Khrushchev’s relaxation attempts
and Marshall Plan
martial law (1981-2)
‘modernization’
oil money invested in
peasantry
relations with USSR
relations with West Germany
Second World War
Solidarność (‘Solidarity’)
Stalinization
steel industry
territorial losses
trade unions
UB (secret police)
Ukrainians in
universities
Warsaw Uprising (1944)
WRON (national security council)
Polaris (missile)
Poll Tax (Britain)
Pollitt, Brian
Pomerania
Pompidou, Georges
Ponomarev, Boris
Ponzi schemes
Poos, Jacques
population growth
collapse of
Porsche, Ferdinand
Port Said
Port Talbot
Port-au-Prince
Portugal
Potsdam
Potsdam conference (1945)
POUM (Spanish anarchist organization)
Powell, Charles, Baron
Poznan
Pozsgay, Imre
Prague:
architecture
Communists’ organized discontent
Czernin Palace
Kinsky Palace
museum of security police
revolution of 1989
Smichov
Stalinization
undamaged by war
working class
‘Prague Spring’
Prats, Carlos
Pravda
(newspaper)
Prebisch, Raúl
Presley, Elvis
Preuves
(magazine)
Primakov, Yevgeney
Prisender, Edgar
privatization of industry and services:
Britain
Chile
West Germany
prostitution
Protestant churches:
and economic development
in Germany
in Hungary
missionaries in China
Thirty Years War
see also
Calvinist Church; Lutheran Church
Prussia
PUK (Patriotic Union of Kurdistan)
Punjab
‘pursuit of happiness’
Pusan
Pushkin, Alexander
‘Pushtunistan’
Putin, Vladimir
Quang Tri (US combat base)
Queen Elizabeth
, RMS
Quemoy islands
Quennell, Peter
Raab, Julius
radar
Radio Urumchi
Rákosi, Mátyás
Rakowski, Mieczysław
Rambouillet summit (1975)
Ramsay, Douglas
Rangel, Charles
Rangoon
Rapallo, Treaty of (1922)
Rasputin, Valentin
rationing:
Britain
East Germany
France
Ravenscraig steel works
Reader’s Digest
(magazine)
Reagan, Nancy
Reagan, Ronald:
background and character
and Ceauşescu
and collapse of communism
core beliefs
defence policy
economic policy
election as President (1980); (1984)
enemies of
on failure of Johnson’s Great Society
and Goldwater campaign
Governor of California
Iran-Contra affair
marriages
oratory skills
and Poland
popularity
relationship with Margaret Thatcher
retirement
Savings and Loans crisis
‘The Speech’ (1980)
Strategic Defense Initiative (‘Star Wars’)
and universities
visits Britain
work regimen and leadership style
Récsk
Red Army (Chinese; ‘People’s Liberation Army’)
Red Army (Soviet):
atrocities committed by
conquering of eastern and central Europe
Second World War casualties
Red Army Faction
Red Brigades
Redford, Robert
Reece, Sir Gordon
Rees-Mogg, William, Baron
‘Reg Q’ (American interest rate regulation)
Regan, Donald
Reich, Robert
Reider, Jonathan
Reinhardt, Max
Remington Rand (corporation)
Rémond, René
Renault (automobile manufacturer)
reparations, First World War
reparations, Second World War:
German
Japanese
Soviet demands
Republican Party (United States)
Rerum Novarum
(papal enyclical)
Reuter, Ernst
Reuther, Walter
revolutions of 1848
Rez, Adam
Rhee, Syngman
Rhineland
Rhodesia
Richter, Horst-Eberhard
Richter, Svyatoslav
Ridley, Nicholas, Baron Ridley of Liddesdale
Riesman, David,
The Lonely Crowd
Rimbaud, Arthur
Robbins, Lionel, Baron
Robespierre, Maximilien
Robinson, Joan
Rocard, Michel
Rochet, Waldeck
Rockefeller, Nelson
Rodriguez, Carlos
Roe
.
Wade
(1973)
Rohatyn, Felix